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Mandi Chapman Associate Center Director for Community Outreach, Engagement and Equity Associate Professor of Medicine Associate Professor of Prevention and Community Health (Secondary) Office Phone: 202-994-5502 Email: Email Department: Medicine |
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Education
- BA, Georgetown University, 1998
- MA, University of Maryland, College Park, 2002
- PhD, Translational Health Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020
Biography
Mandi Pratt-Chapman, PhD is Associate Center Director, Patient-Centered Initiatives and Health Equity for the GW Cancer Center. As part of the cancer center's senior leadership team, she catalyzes research collaborations to improve the health and health equity of GW's immediate catchment area.
Her past research has addressed clinical guideline development and workforce capacity to advance patient-centered care and health equity. She led the development of national, consensus-based core competencies for Oncology Patient Navigators and the a corresponding online training to provide all navigators access to free training to build competencies. She chairs a task force for the Academy of Oncology Nurse & Patient Navigators to initiate a certification process for Oncology Patient Navigators in 2016. Additionally, she served as co-PI for the National Cancer Survivorship Resource Center and has co-authored four holistic clinical practice guidelines on breast, prostate, colorectal and head and neck cancer survivorship care. She has also served as PI and co-PI for four Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute-funded projects to inform health services standards for cancer survivorship and catalyze dissemination and implementation of evidence-based cancer survivorship and patient navigation practices.
Dr. Pratt-Chapman provides technical assistance and training on evidence-based cancer control strategies and health equity nationally to U.S. states, tribes, and territories. Ten years of continuous funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute has supported this work. She has a special interest in improving the health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) populations.
Research
Health equity
Implicit bias
LGBTQI health
Cancer Survivorship
Patient Navigation
Cancer Control
Grants
Grants in Progress
National Support to Enhance Implementation of Comprehensive Cancer Control Activities
Funder: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Amount: $4.125 million
Project Period: 9/30/2018-9/29/2023
Effort/Role: 50% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: To support, disseminate and enhance Comprehensive Cancer Control program efforts in local implementation; Policy, Systems and Environmental (PSE) change approaches; partnership sustainability and communication strategies
Disseminating Patient-Driven Standards for Quality Survivorship Care
Funder: Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute
Amount: $300,000
Project Period: 1/1/2019-6/30/2021
Effort/Role: 20% effort, Principal Investigator
Aims: To increase the reach of evidence of quality survivorship care through the creation and dissemination of a toolkit, online module, three live workshops, and an online forum.
Enhancement Proposal for Disseminating Patient-Driven Standards for Quality Cancer Survivorship Care: Cancer Survivorship Care? Adjustments During COVID-19?
Funder: Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute
Amount: $150,000
Effort/Role: $15% (PI)
Purpose: The purpose of the proposed enhancement is to leverage our existing infrastructure to gather critical information about how cancer survivorship care has changed for survivors and providers during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that our capacity-building workshops, when delivered, are responsive to a new health care reality. Specifically, we will engage cancer survivors and providers to: 1) describe survivor needs, health care utilization, and perceived quality of survivorship care during the pandemic; and 2) explore the short- and long-term consequences of ?adjustments to cancer care due to the pandemic.
Funder: Clinical Translational Science Institute – Children’s National/GW
Amount: $50,000
Project Period: 6/1/2019 – 5/31/2020
Effort/Role: In-kind support, Co-Investigator (PI: Wallington)
Aims: To 1) investigate disparities in stage of disease and delays at critical care continuum timepoints, and 2) to identify patient-level factors that promote or hinder loss to follow up.
Grants Completed
Assessing Educational Resources and Barriers for Pediatric Cancer Survivors in DC
Funder: DC Cancer Consortium
Amount: $18,166
Project Period: 9/1/2008-12/30/2009
Effort/Role: 5% effort, Co-Principal Investigator.
Aim: To examine barriers to educational progress in DC pediatric cancer survivors
Patient Resource Navigation Enhancement
Funder: American Cancer Society
Amount: $5000
Project Period: 3/1/2009-2/28/2010
Effort/Role: 2% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: To increase utilization of supportive care, improve care coordination and improve patient satisfaction through enhanced communication with patients
Center for the Advancement of Cancer Survivorship, Navigation and Health Policy
Funder: Pfizer Foundation and Pfizer Inc.’s Global Health Partnerships Program
Amount: $1,200,000
Project Period: 1/1/2009 – 6/30/2013
Effort/Role: 25% effort, Principal Investigator / Project Director.
Aim: To improve integration of patient navigation and cancer survivorship programs nationally and to analyze impact of health reform on cancer care and delivery
Transportation Assistance Fund for Oncology Patients
Funder: DC Cancer Consortium
Amount: $10,000
Project Period: 3/1/2010-6/30/2011
Effort/Role: 3% effort, Project Director.
Aim: To provide financial assistance for transportation and parking to cancer patients
Thriving After Cancer Program
Funder: DC Cancer Consortium
Amount: $150,000
Project Period: 7/1/2010-6/30/2012
Effort/Role: 10% effort, Project Director
Aim: To launch a new clinic to provide comprehensive, multi-disciplinary clinical survivorship care for adult survivors of pediatric cancer
Citywide Patient Navigation Network
Funder: DC Cancer Consortium
Amount: $3,400,000
Project Period: 7/1/2010-5/20/2013
Effort/Role: 5% effort, Principal Investigator / Project Director.
Aim: To ensure DC residents obtain cancer screening and those with a suspicious finding or a confirmed diagnosis of cancer access timely, coordinated, standard-of-care treatment and appropriate support services throughout the cancer continuum
Research to Practice: Using Novel Interventions to Eliminate Health Disparities Funder: National Cancer Institute 1R13CA159823-01
Amount: $7000
Project Period: 5/1/2011- 4/30/2012
Effort Role: N/A, Project Director
Aim: Conference grant support for national symposium to identify novel and evidence-based interventions for adult survivors of pediatric cancer and young adult cancer survivors and next steps for clinical translation
National Cancer Survivorship Resource Center
Funder: Centers of Disease Control and Prevention 1U55DP003054
Amount: $732,835
Project Period: 9/30/2010-9/29/2015
Effort/Role: 5% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: Increase quality of life of cancer survivors and caregivers and reduce death and disability due to cancer
Avon Safety Net Program
Funder: Avon Foundation
Amount: $250,000
Project Period: 7/1/2011-6/30/2013
Effort/Role: 2% effort, Project Director
Aim: To provide patient navigation services and self-knowledge about breast health to women in Anacostia
Center and Institute Facilitating Fund
Funder: The George Washington University
Amount: $75,000
Project Period: 7/1/2011-6/30/2013
Effort/Role: Project Director
Aim: To fund infrastructure for Thriving After Cancer clinic to build research portfolio
Executive Training on Navigation and Survivorship
Funder: Pfizer CME
Amount: $5000
Project Period: 10/15/2011-10/30/2012
Role: Senior Project Advisor
Aim: To provide live education on patient-centered program development
Citywide Survivorship Initiative
Funder: Susan G. Komen for the Cure
Amount: $500,000
Project Period: 1/1/2012-12/31/2014
Effort/Role: 10% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: To improve capacity of health care professionals to provide appropriate, long-term care for breast cancer survivors; remove barriers to care experienced by survivors through patient navigation, nutrition support, transportation and appointment assistance; and empower survivors to optimize wellness through group education
Geographic Management Project
Funder: National Cancer Institute Center for the Reduction of Cancer Health Disparities
Amount: $170,000
Project Period: 9/1/2012-8/31/2013
Effort/Role: 22% effort, Project Director
Aim: To evaluate the BioMedical/Obesity Reduction Trial (BMORe) intervention to increase adoption and maintenance of Healthy Eating and Active Living (HEAL) behaviors through enhanced peer counseling support in rural areas of South Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee
Breast Care Navigation for Women in the Nation’s Capital
Funder: Avon Foundation Safety Net Program
Amount: $125,000
Project Period: 7/1/2013-6/30/2014
Effort/Role: 5% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: To guide 600 patients at risk for breast cancer to definitive diagnosis, navigate 180 diagnosed patients to treatment and remove 900 barriers to care; assess processes to create quality care improvements, improve tracking and decrease loss to follow up
Evaluating Cancer Survivorship Care Models
Funder: Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute
Amount: $2,100,000
Project Period: 7/1/2013-6/30/2016
Effort/Role: 30% effort, Co-Principal Investigator.
Aims: To develop a patient-prioritized framework and measurement instrument to assess high quality survivorship care; to select appropriate program models to study for comparative effectiveness research by developing a Program Implementation Index and defining survivorship models of care; and to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of three survivorship care models to determine how well these varying models provide patient-centered care and their impact on prioritized patient outcomes
National Support to Enhance Implementation of Comprehensive Cancer Control Activities
Funder: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U38DP004972-01
Amount: $2,122,525
Project Period: 9/30/13-9/29/2018
Effort/Role: 15% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: To support, disseminate and enhance Comprehensive Cancer Control program efforts in local implementation; Policy, Systems and Environmental (PSE) change approaches; partnership sustainability and communication strategies
Breast Care Navigation for Women in the Nation’s Capital
Funder: Avon Foundation Safety Net Program
Amount: $100,000
Project Period: 7/1/2014-6/30/2015
Effort/Role: 5% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: To guide 1000 patients at risk for breast cancer to definitive diagnosis, navigate diagnosed patients to treatment and remove barriers to care; initiate quality care improvements, improve tracking and decrease loss to follow up
Tobacco Cessation Project with Whitman-Walker Health
Funder: DC Department of Health
Amount: $12,500 subaward
Project Period: 7/1/2014-6/30/2015
Effort/Role: 1% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: To evaluate a tobacco cessation program and provide recommendations to improve intervention for target populations
Improving Uptake of HPV Vaccination with National AHEC Organization
Funder: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Amount: $16,895 subaward
Project Period: 9/30/2014-9/29/2015
Effort/Role: 1% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: Conduct needs assessment and create resource books to inform physician outreach and education to strengthen HPV recommendations
Patient Navigation Value Study
Funder: Genentech
Amount: $97,700
Project Period: 1/1/2015-9/30/2016
Effort/Role: 1% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: To 1) create and implement 3 tools to support patient navigation at the community level, 2) gather key information about barriers encountered, program efficacy and program value and 3) translate research findings for a practice-based audience.
Breast Care Navigation for Women in the Nation’s Capital
Funder: Avon Foundation Safety Net Program
Amount: $100,000
Project Period: 7/1/2015-6/30/2016
Effort/Role: 5% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: To guide 1,500 patients at risk for breast cancer to definitive diagnosis, navigate diagnosed patients to treatment and remove barriers to care; initiate quality care improvements, improve tracking and decrease loss to follow up
The Generation And Translation of Evidence (GATE): Patient Centered Oncology Community of Practice
Funder: Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute
Amount: $250,000
Project Period: 7/1/2015-6/30/2017
Effort/Role: 5% effort, Principal Investigator
Aim: To leverage existing infrastructure to maximize knowledge integration and respond to the need for improved dissemination of Patient Centered Outcomes Research by creating a Community of Practice (CoP) to engage stakeholders for dissemination and implementation of evidence.
CTSI-CN
Funder: National Institutes of Health
Amount: $20 Million
Project Period: 1/1/2016-1/1/2018
Effort/Role: 15% effort Co-lead for Integrating Special Populations and Community Engagement modules
Aim: To catalyze translational research for special populations across Children’s National Health System and GW.
Building a Foundation for Community-Led Research to Eliminate LGBT Cancer Disparities in DC
Funder: Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute
Amount: $40,000
Project Period: 8/1/2016-7/31/2018
Effort/Role: 1%, PI
Aim: To build a Community Advisory Board and host public discussions to prioritize research needs from within the LGBTQ community in Washington, DC.
Improving Breast Cancer Care for LGBTQ Communities
Funder: Susan G. Komen
Amount: $100,000
Project Period: 6/1/2016-5/31/2018
Effort/Role: 6% Principal Investigator
Aim: To provide patient and provider education to improve cancer care for LGBTQ individuals in the nation’s capital.
Assessing and Addressing Oncology Social Worker Needs for LGBTQ-Affirming Cancer Care
Funder: Association of Oncology Social Work (AOSW)
Amount: $25,000
Effort/ Role: 1% Principal Investigator
Project Period: 9/1/2016-12/31/2017
Aim: To identify training gaps for oncology social workers and develop training focusing on unique health considerations in working with LGBT patients
Health Care Professional Student Curriculum Enhancements to Improve Competence in Caring for Sexual and Gender Minorities: Does it Matter?
Funder: GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty Excellence Fund
Amount: $15,000
Effort/ Role: In-kind, Project Director (PI: Sotomayor)
Project Period: 4/1/2017-3/31/2018
Aim: To develop, implement, and evaluate a symposium to address gaps in sexual and gender minority graduate health education.
TEAM Training for Patients and Providers: Advancing Equitable, Patient-Centered Cancer Care
Funder: Pfizer Foundation
Amount: $1,150,000
Project Period: 7/1/2017-6/30/2019
Effort/Role: 5%, Principal Investigator
Aim: To improve the productivity of patient-provider interactions to promote accessible, equitable, patient-centered care that results in better health outcomes for women impacted by cancer
Cancer Screening Experiences among Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People
Funder: Avon Safety Net Foundation
Amount: $50,000
Project Period: 1/1/2019-6/30/2019
Effort/Role: 5% effort, Principal Investigator
Aims: To assess cancer screening experiences of transgender and gender nonconforming people through a mixed methods study.
Awards
1994-1998 Georgetown University Dean’s Honor List - English Honors Program, Georgetown University
1998 Graduation Magna cum laude, Georgetown University
1998 Quicksall Medal for English Honors Thesis
1997-1998 Phi Beta Kappa, Georgetown University
2007, 2008 Leukemia & Lymphoma Society National Quality of Life Award
2009 GW Service Excellence Award Nominee
2012 Fashion for the Cure Community of Support Award - Healing with Basketball Program
2012 GW Service Excellence Team Award Finalist -Thriving After Cancer Program (2012)
2012 International Cancer Education Conference Second Place Poster - Winner: Development of a Workbook to Guide Patient Navigation and Cancer Survivorship Program Implementation and Evaluation
2013 American Psychosocial Oncology Society Clinical Service Poster - Presentation Award: GW Cancer Institute Patient Navigation Program
2013 Association of Community Cancer Centers Innovator Award for Catalyzing Patient-Centered Care to Exceed Accreditation Standards
2015 UICC Young World Cancer Leader, World Cancer Leader’s Summit - Istanbul, Turkey
2016 Cordata Health Care Innovations Cancer Difference Maker
2019 UICC Mentor, Treatment for All
Teaching
IDIS 349: Non-Track Research Elective: SMHS curriculum review for AAMC LGBTQI Competencies
IDIS 347: Preventive Medicine for Sexual and Gender Minorities, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Programs Developed
2005-2009 Back to School Annual Conference, The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society
2009, 2011 Cancer Survivorship Research Symposium, The GW University Cancer Institute
2009-2011 Patient Navigation: From Outreach to Survivorship, Center for the Advancement of Cancer Survivorship, Navigation and Policy, The GW Cancer Institute
2009-2012 Executive Training on Navigation and Survivorship, Center for the Advancement of Cancer Survivorship, Navigation and Policy, The GW Cancer Institute
2009-2011 Health Policy Scholars Program, Center for the Advancement of Cancer Survivorship, Navigation and Policy, The GW Cancer Institute
2010 Thriving After Cancer Pediatric-Onset Cancer Survivorship Program, The GW Cancer Institute, the George Washington Medical Faculty Associates, and the Children’s National Medical Center
2012 Survivorship e-Learning Series for Primary Care Providers: www.cancersurvivorshipeducation.org, National Cancer Survivorship Resource Center Cancer
GWCC ONLINE ACADEMY available at gwccacademy.org
2015 Executive Training on Navigation and Survivorship
2015 Oncology Patient Navigation Training
2015 Communication Training for Comprehensive Cancer Control Professionals 101: Media Planning and Media Relations
2015 GW Cancer Institute. Treatment’s Over: Now What? May 2015.
2016 Comm 102: Making Communication Campaigns Evidence-Based
2017 Action for Policy, Systems & Environmental (PSE) Change: A Training
2017 Addressing the need for LGBTQ-affirming cancer care: A focus on sexual and gender minority prostate cancer survivors
2017-2019 TEAM (Together-Equitable-Accessible-Meaningful) hybrid cohort-based training
Centers and Institutes
Institute for Patient Centered Initiatives & Health Equity, GW Cancer Center
Community Service
2006-2008 Board Member, DC Oncology Nursing Society
2006-2012 Member, DC Cancer Consortium
2008-2010 Co-Chair, Subcommittee on Cancer Survivorship, DC Cancer Consortium
2008-2010 Member, Public Policy Committee, DC Cancer Consortium
2008-2011 Member, Implementation Committee, DC Cancer Consortium
2010 Workgroup Leader, Survivorship, National Patient Navigation Leadership Summit, Atlanta, GA
2011 Post-Treatment Cancer Survivorship Psychosocial Guideline Workgroup Member, The National Cancer Survivorship Resource Center
2011 Advisor/Reviewer, Essential Elements of Survivorship Care: A LIVESTRONG Brief
2011-2012 Advisor/Reviewer. CancerResource: Living with Cancer, American Institute of Cancer Research
2011-2012 Contributing Author, Metrics for Evaluation Patient Navigation in Survivorship. Patient Navigation Toolkit funded by Susan G. Komen for the Cure, University of Chicago at Illinois
2011-2014 Post-Treatment Colorectal Cancer Survivorship Guideline Workgroup Member, The National Cancer Survivorship Resource Center
2011-2014 Post-Treatment Breast Cancer Survivorship Guideline Workgroup, The National Cancer Survivorship Resource Center
2012-2014 Post-Treatment Prostate Cancer Survivorship Guideline Workgroup, The National Cancer Survivorship Resource Center
2012-2014 Post-Treatment Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Guideline Workgroup, The National Cancer Survivorship Resource Center
2012 Annual Meeting Planning Committee & Abstract Reviewer, American Psychosocial Oncology Society
2012-2013 Advisory Council Member, National Women’s Survivor Convention National Advisory Council
2012-2013 Cancer Forum Program Committee, American Public Health Association
2012-2013 Board of Directors, Healwell
2013 Board of Directors, Camp Kesem, GW
2013, 2015, 2018 Abstract Reviewer, American Psychosocial Oncology Society (Jointly with IPOS Meeting in 2015)
2013-2017, 2019-present Leadership Council, Academy of Oncology Nurse & Patient Navigators
2013 Information Resource Center National Advisory Board, Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
2013 Member, Food Marketing Workgroup, Center for Science in the Public Interest
2013-2018 Abstract Reviewer, Subsection: Health Policy and Advocacy and Subsection: Dissemination and Implementation Science, Society of Behavioral Medicine Annual Meeting
2013-2014 Advisory Council Member, DC Primary Care Association Prevention EmpowerS ME
2014-2015 Advisor for health care professional education, Pfizer, Inc.
2014 Advisory Council Member, Southeast Patient Navigation Consortium
2014, 2016 Abstract Reviewer, UICC World Cancer Congress
2014 Abstract Reviewer, National Cancer Institute 7th Biennial Cancer Survivorship Research Conference
2014-2015 Advisor, Mission, Strategy and Implementation Sub-Committee, C-Change
2014-2017 Editorial Board, Journal of Oncology Navigation and Survivorship
2014-present Plus Pointers Columnist, Navigation & Survivorship News, Academy of Oncology Nurse & Patient Navigators
2015 Grant Reviewer, Susan G. Komen
2015-2016 Chair, Cancer Program Guidelines Task Force, Association of Community Cancer Centers
2015-present The Engaged Patient Columnist, Conquer™: The Patient Voice, Academy of Oncology Nurse & Patient Navigators
2015 Chair, Patient Navigation Track, Academy of Oncology Nurse & Patient Navigators’ Annual Meeting
2015 Advisory Committee Member, Standardized Patient Navigation Training for Patient Navigators in Appalachia
2014-2015 Member, Oncology Nurse Navigator – Certified Generalist Certification Task Force
Academy of Oncology Nurse & Patient Navigators
2015-2016 Chair, Oncology Patient Navigator – Certified Generalist Certification Task Force, Academy of Oncology Nurse & Patient Navigators
2015 Advisor, American Cancer Society Patient Navigation Tool Kit for Colorectal Cancer Screening
2015 Member & Author, Institute of Medicine Patient and Family Advisory Council Compendium 2.0
2015-2016 Abstract Reviewer, Society of Behavioral Medicine Annual Meeting
2015 Steering Committee, ACCC Supportive Care Summit, Washington, DC (December 15)
2015 State Innovation Model Advisory Committee, DC Department of Health Care Finance
2016 Member, Patient-Centered Care Policy Task Force, Cancer Support Community
2016 Member, Patient-Centric Education Initiative, Association of Community Cancer Centers
2016-present National Academy of Medicine Leadership Consortium on Value & Science-Driven Health System Care Culture and Decision-making Innovation Collaborative
2017 Reviewer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Special Emphasis Panel FOA RFP-DP-17-005 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Researcj Centers: Special Interest Project Competitive Supplements
2017 National Academies of Science Planning Committee, Establishing Effective Patient Navigation Programs in Oncology: A Workshop (November 13-14)
2017-present LGBTQ Advisory Group, Senior LGBTQ services, DC Office of Aging
2017-present Community Advisory Council, LGBT HealthLink
2017-present Editorial Board, Journal of Cancer Rehabilitation
2018 Reviewer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Special Emphasis Panel
FOA RFP-DP-18-002 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research Centers: Special Interest Project Competitive Supplements
2018 Ad hoc reviewer, Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management
2018 Ad hoc reviewer, Journal of Global Oncology
2018 National Academies of Science, Care Culture and Decision-making Innovation Collaborative
2018-present Sex and Gender Women's Health Collaborative Scholarship Committee
Ad hoc Reviewer, Value in Health Regional Issues (Journal)
Ad hoc Reviewer, Patient Preference and Adherence (Journal)
Ad hoc Reviewer, Annals of Internal Medicine (Journal)
Ad hoc Reviewer, Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy (Journal)
2019-present Task Force Member, Sexual and Gender Minority Health Disparities, American Society of Clinical Oncology
2019-present DC Health Care Finance MCAC Health System Re-Design Subcommittee
2020-present Reviewer, BMC Cancer (Journal)
Community Outreach
2017 Capitol PRIDE
2018 Trans PRIDE (May 19)
2018 Capitol PRIDE (June 10)
2018 Improving the care of the LGBTQI community: Advocating for ourselves together, Metropolitan Community Church of Washington, DC (July 14)
Volunteer Fundraising
2005 March of Dimes Walk
2006 Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Hike for Discovery ($4000)
200 Brain Tumor Society Race for Hope
2009 Co-Captain, Leukemia & Lymphoma Society Light the Night Walk ($10,500)
2010 Team in Training, Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Zooma Annapolis 10K ($1000)
2011 Team in Training, Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, NIKE Women’s Half Marathon ($3000)
2012 Marine Corps Marathon 10K to benefit the GW Cancer Institute ($2,398)
2013 Marine Corps Marathon 10K to benefit the GW Cancer Institute ($1,670)
2012-2015 Susan G. Komen Global Race for the Cure Team Captain
Programs
- Clinical and Translational Research
- GW Cancer Center
Industry Relationships and Collaborations
This faculty member (or a member of their immediate family) has reported a financial interest with the health care related companies listed below. These relations have been reported to the University and, when appropriate, management plans are in place to address potential conflicts.